The ex vivo results found in this study of OLP are consistent with previous immunohistochemical studies in cutaneous lichen planus [9,31,36], and mucosal lichen planus [31,38,52] where CXCL9 was the dominant chemokine expressed and CXCL11 was only expressed to a small degree. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL11 and oral lichen planus.