Neuroblastoma, a neuroectodermally derived embryonic tumor and most common extracranial tumor of childhood, remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths in children, mostly due to systemic and resistant relapses.1MYCN oncogene amplifications,2, 3TERT activation by genomic rearrangements,4, 5ATRX loss-of-function mutations/deletions6 and germline/somatic activating ALK mutations7, 8, 9, 10 define patient subgroups at high risk for failing primary long-term remission despite aggressive multimodal treatment. This evidence concerns the gene ALK and neuroblastoma.