While the presence of the hypofunctional flatiron mutation of Slc40a1 in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe−/−) mice did not affect atherosclerosis [107], systemic administration of the hepcidin-antagonist LDN-193189 (LDN), which inhibits Bmp-induced hepcidin transcription [10, 27, 230], blocked the differentiation of macrophages into foam cells. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and atherosclerosis.