CCK and congenital secretory chloride diarrhea 1: Increased plasma concentrations of intestinal peptide hormones [85, 86], which inhibit gallbladder smooth muscle, and a higher resistance of the gallbladder at the receptor site might account for diminished gallbladder motility in CLD, despite the higher levels of circulating cholecystokinin (CCK) in cirrhotic patients [21, 87, 88].