As many malignant cancer cell lines encompass over-expressed 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 or a loss of PTEN function, the anabolism activator, insulin or its mimetics, usually exacerbate AKT-mediated PGC-1α suppression and reduce mitochondrial metabolism and antioxidant defenses [145,146]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is cancer.