TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Thecontribution of miR-18a to DNA damage and apoptosis is reportedly due to its directinhibition of the ATM kinase, which is required for initiating DNA repair followingdouble-stranded breaks (Song et al.,2011; Wu et al., 2013).In summary, studies to date indicate that the miR-17 family fuels CRC metastasis,with interaction with TGF-β signaling as well as other pathways that modulateEMT.