TP53 and colorectal carcinoma: Interestingly, TP53 has a similar effect; in mouse models,inactivation of Trp53 (the mouse homologue) enhances IESCcompetition and clonal expansion exclusively in the context of inflammation(Vermeulen et al., 2013).Likewise, in humans, an inflammatory microenvironment enables mutations inTP53 to accelerate clonal expansion of pre-cancerouslesions, promote tumor growth and fuel cancer progression in CRC (Brentnall et al., 1994; Leedham et al., 2009).