SIRT1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis: Our data suggest three important findings in cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis caused due to PA exposure: 1) PA upregulates pro-apoptotic miR-34a in a FoxO3-dependent manner to cause cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis; 2) increased miR-34a expression targets protein deacetylase SIRT1 as well as several anti-apoptotic proteins; and 3) cholangiocyte lipoapoptosis and miR-34a upregulation due to lipotoxicity were also evident in an animal model of NASH.