The association of the dedifferentiated phenotype and loss of DKK3 expression in ACC, combined with the re-acquisition of a relatively more differentiated phenotype in SW-13 ACC cells overexpressing DKK3, suggest a global differentiation role for DKK3 in adrenal cortex and the possibility that DKK3 could serve as a re-differentiation therapeutic target. The gene discussed is DKK3; the disease is adrenal cortex carcinoma.