LEP and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): As shown in Fig 6 and S3 Fig, there was little or no increase in the magnitude of phosphorylation of the kinases studied after addition of a suboptimal dose of leptin (0.1 μM) to 1321N1 astrocytoma cells; however 0.2 μg/ml sPLA2-IIA led to a rapid transient activation of all the above mentioned kinases.