Interestingly, we found that BRAF and GNA11 were transcriptionally upregulated in UM and MetUM while GNAQ in both OCM1 and C918 and BRAF in OCM1 were also expressed higher as compared to NUM (Fig. 6K‒M), suggesting that although or GNA11/GNAQ or NRAS/BRAF mutations are often found in uveal and cutaneous melanomas, respectively43, 44, the overall elevated transcription levels of the above genes position UM cells in a high potential readiness for extracellular signals for cell proliferation regardless of their gain-of-function mutation status. Here, GNA11 is linked to cutaneous melanoma.