Further supporting the linkage between viral replication and activation of the innate immune response, TLR8 or TLR7 expression was not induced in monocytes latently infected by EBV, as confirmed by the lack of infectious EBV in the cells harboring EBV-p2089 DNA (Fig. 1f and g, and h showing one representative dcSSc patient and HD). The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is Huntington disease.