Therefore, these results, together with other studies reporting a clear association of the risk of prostate cancer with IGF1 levels, insulin levels and/or insulin resistance 18, 34, 35, 36, 70, reinforce the importance of these two hormones in the pathophysiology of the PG and suggest their putative utility in the prognosis and/or treatment of prostate cancer. This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and Familial prostate cancer.