In addition, Figures 3(a) and 3(b) illustrate typical 1H NMR spectra of serum samples obtained from the AD and Con rats, respectively, and 12 metabolites were identified, such as energy metabolism (glucose; For, formate; Cre, creatine; Ala, alanine; Lac, lactate), amino acid metabolism (His, histidine; Tyr, tyrosine; Gln, glutamine; Val, valine), and lipid metabolism (LDL/VLDL, low-density and very low-density lipoproteins) as well as glycoprotein (NAG, N-acetylglycoprotein; OAG, O-acetylglycoprotein). The gene discussed is ART4; the disease is Alzheimer disease.