BRCA1 and breast carcinoma: For example, for unaffected women who carry a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy results in a significant reduction in all-cause mortality (3% vs. 10%; hazard ratio [HR] 0.40; 95% CI [0.26–0.6]), breast cancer-specific mortality (2% vs. 6%; HR 0.44; 95% CI [0.26–0.76]), and ovarian cancer–specific mortality (0.4 vs. 3%; HR 0.21; 95% CI [0.06–0.8]) when compared with carriers who chose not to undergo this procedure (Domchek et al., 2010).