NPPA and atrial fibrillation: Additionally, WXG was found to lower AF inducibility after the ganglionic plexi (GP) ablation, without increasing the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 6, and expression of connexin 43 in atrial tissues, thus suppressing atrial substrate remodeling induced by GP ablation [50].