TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In summary, MLD incorporated with dietary restriction and exercise treatment exhibit effects in alleviating high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hepatic injury and insulin resistance, which are possibly due to the down-regulation of TNF-α, leptin and PKB; and this treatment can be used as a new therapeutic schedule of high-fat diet-induced MS.