PCA3 and cancer: Moreover, PCA3 regulates expression of important cancer genes involved in angiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), fibrillin-1 (IFNB1)), cell adhesion (metastasis suppressor protein 1 (MTSS1), integrin β-1 (ITGB1)), signal transduction (receptor tyrosine-protein kinase (ERBB2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit α (PIK3R1)), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1), and apoptosis (Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD), telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT)) [48].