Thus, although in in vitro model presented here, L. (L.)amazonensis induced higher levels of IL-32γ and TNFα than L. (V.)braziliensis in human macrophages, the higher production of IL-10 and IL-1Ra induced by L. (L.)amazonensis can be responsible by further control of inflammatory process and immunosuppression in in vivo infections caused by this species. The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is infection.