Patients of both groups were similar with respect to age, gender distribution, presence of heart failure, severity of AKI, levels of serum components (albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus), tubular injury and interstitial inflammation scores, percentage of interstitial fibrosis, use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin-II receptor blockers, and immunosuppressive treatment. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is acute kidney injury.