To test this hypothesis, in a mouse model of progressive CKD and in three clinical cohorts of CKD patients we quantified glomerular filtration rate (GFR) as a measure of CKD, serum levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptors (sTNFR1 and sTNFR2) as a measure of systemic inflammation, and serum/plasma concentrations of Cat-S. The gene discussed is TNFRSF1A; the disease is chronic kidney disease.