Thus, three evidences encourage a deep characterization of the testosterone-miRNA-TFPI triad as a new regulatory axis in endothelial function: (i) experimental studies have shown that testosterone up-regulates TFPI expression in endothelial cells11, 12; (ii) low levels of testosterone are associated with low plasma levels of TFPI and an increase of cardiovascular risk13, 14, 15, and (iii) testosterone induces changes in miRNA expression pattern in prostate cancer cells16, 17 or muscle18, 19. Here, TFPI is linked to Familial prostate cancer.