Talimogene laherparepvec is a first-in-class intralesional oncolytic viral therapy that, based on data from the recent Phase III Oncovex (GM-CSF) Pivotal Trial in Melanoma (OPTiM) trial in stage IIIB–IVM1c melanoma, became the first oncolytic immunotherapy to be approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [1]. This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and melanoma.