Misfolded wild-type SOD1 purified from sporadic ALS tissues inhibited anterograde axonal transport in isolated squid axoplasm assays to the same extend as a familial ALS-associated SOD1H46R mutant, and this was found to involve the activation of p38 MAP kinase and subsequent kinesin-1 phosphorylation (Bosco et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.