TIMP1 and glioblastoma: When combining MMP-2 and TIMP-1 into a sum score, high levels were significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR 1.28; 95% CI 1.05–1.55; p = 0.011) (Fig 4H), also when accounting for GBM subtype, age, and gender (HR 1.32; 95% CI 1.06–1.65; p = 0.015).