A body of evidence indicates a role for COX-2 in the development/modulation of different steps of cancer progression and several mechanisms may underlie this pro-tumorigenic activity of COX-2 including (i) production of reactive oxygen species responsible for DNA damage, (ii) aberrant activation of intracellular pathways such as MAPK and the PI3 K/AKT pathways, (iii) activation of STAT3, (iv) induction of Bcl-2 family members and (v) production of growth factors including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) [16]. The gene discussed is EGF; the disease is cancer.