The Th1 cells induced by ZIKV infection also exhibited a high degree of poly-functionality (multiple cytokine production), as over 65% of responding CD11a+CD49d+ CD4+ T cells were IFN-γ+TNF-α+ double-producers, and over 60% were IFN-γ+TNF-α+IL-2+ triple-producers (S6A–S6D Fig). Here, TNF is linked to Zika virus infectious disease.