It also increased serum insulin level and beneficially affected production of immunocytokines by splenocytes that play a key role in immune responses, and ameliorated ultrastructural changes in pancreatic β-cells, suggesting that the observed hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on the diabetic mice might be related to parallel beneficial effects on immune reactions involved in pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. This evidence concerns the gene INS and diabetes mellitus.