For example, previous studies have found that phosphorylation of EGFR on macrophages in colitis and gastritis leads to enhanced cytokine release, demonstrating that EGFR signaling may contribute to inflammatory effector functions of these cells.16, 42 On the other hand, Tynyakov-Samra and colleagues14 found that ErbB4 levels were reduced in PBMCs in patients with the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis. This evidence concerns the gene ERBB4 and autoimmune disease.