DICER1 and cholangiocarcinoma: To investigate the role of Dicer in chromatin modifications, we stably silenced Dicer expression through lentiviral-mediated transfection carrying siRNA targeting Dicer in CCA cells (LV-siR-Dicer), and upregulated Dicer expression in HIBEpic cells (as control) through lentiviral-mediated transfection carrying small activating RNA (saRNA) targeting Dicer (LV-saR-Dicer).