The activity of human Dicer has been shown to be regulated by its post-translational modification, such as phosphorylation25 and SUMOylation.26 During most of oogenesis, phosphorylation of Dicer protein is necessary to trigger Dicer's nuclear translocation in worms, mice and human cells.27 Our results demonstrate that most of Dicer proteins in CCA cells had translocated to nucleus in contrast to that seen in the HIBEpic cells (Figure 1b). This evidence concerns the gene DICER1 and cholangiocarcinoma.