Smad-2 inhibition increases the E-cadherin level, reducing the migratory and invasive capabilities of HCC cells.10,11 In addition, in different preclinical models galunisertib inhibited HCC progression, decreased tumor growth and metastasis and abolished the cross-talk between the surrounding stroma and the tumor (reviewed in Giannelli et al.12). The gene discussed is SMAD2; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.