In addition, caffeic acid (12.5 μM) and cinnamic acid (12.5 μM) have been reported to improve insulin resistance by promoting insulin receptor tyrosyl phosphorylation and up-regulating the expression of insulin signal associated proteins, including insulin receptor, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, glycogen synthase, and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2), leading to enhance the uptake of glucose in tumor necrosis factor-α induced insulin resistant mouse liver FL83B cells [60]. Here, INS is linked to Insulin resistance.