Deficiency in other inhibitory serpins like α1-antitrypsin (AAT), α1-antichymotrypsin (AAC), C1-inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and antithrombin (AT) may result in pathological disorders like emphysema/cirrhosis, chronic obstructive bronchitis, angio-edema, bleeding disorder and thrombosis respectively12, 13, 14, 15, 16. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to chronic bronchitis.