This study aims to delineate the temporal relations between body mass index (BMI) and insulin in childhood and their impact on adult metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).The longitudinal cohort consisted of 609 whites and 339 blacks who had BMI and fasting insulin measured twice in childhood (mean age = 10.5 years at baseline and 15.9 years at follow-up). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.