Furthermore, both ET-1 and ER stress are upregulated in renal diseases such as contrast-induced acute kidney injury9, 10, ischemia/reperfusion injury11, 12, septic shock-induced acute kidney injury13, 14, and diabetic nephropathy15, 16, suggesting that overactivation of the ET-1 system may lead to induction of the renal ER stress response. This evidence concerns the gene EDN1 and kidney disorder.