Similarly, TNF-α (p < 0.001, Fig. 3a), IL-1β (P = 0.0021, Fig. 3b) and IL-6 (P = 0.0022, Fig. 3c) levels in AF/FO group were significantly decreased compared with those three cytokines in AF/CO group. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atrial fibrillation.