One possible mechanism of Aif1-independent uptake is IgA-mediated transcytosis by Dectin-1 because it has recently been reported that Dectin-1 acts on IgA-mediated transcytosis in M-like cells derived from Caco-2 cells, a human colonic cancer cell line, and mouse M cells44. The gene discussed is AIF1; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.