Furthermore, other upregulated genes were those of the pro-inflammatory interleukins IL3RA, IL7R, IL8, IL11, usually secreted by immune system cells, and of the NF-κB family (NF-κBIA, NF-κBIZ, NF-κBIE), nuclear transcription factors known to be involved in the development of atherosclerosis (32, 33). This evidence concerns the gene IL7R and atherosclerosis.