TNF and tuberculosis: Here, we have showed that POPMt is capable of immunomodulating murine macrophages by inducing the secretion of the proinflammatory Th1 cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, as well as the Th17 IL-23 in murine macrophages, indicating that POPMt could significantly contribute to TB immunopathology.