AIF1 and glaucoma: We found that HE3286 (1) preserved anterograde axonal transport of CTB from the retina to the superior colliculus in microbead-injected eyes, (2) countered the influence of elevated IOP throughout the optic projection with respect to levels of BDNF, Iba1 and other proteins associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, (3) modulated pathogenic markers of glaucoma within the retina, (4) increased NFκB localization to neuronal nuclei in the superior colliculus and retina, and (5) decreased NFκB localization to glial nuclei in the optic nerve head.