The non-apoptotic pathway is preferentially activated when caspase-8 is inhibited through high levels of cFLIP (cellular FLICE/caspase 8-like inhibitory protein), followed by the recruitment of TRAF1 (TNF receptor associated factor 1), TRAF2, RIP (receptor-interacting protein) kinase and Raf-1 (rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma) and resulting in ERK and NF-κB activation [20–22]. Here, TRAF1 is linked to fibrosarcoma.