Previous evidence indicated that suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein is a target of miR-572 [39], and Miller et al. [40] have found that the expression level of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein in CD4+ T cells is lower in HIV-1 infected patients than that in healthy people, but SOCS1 mRNA level is higher in HIV-1 infection, indicating miR-572 may be related to sustained immune activation that promoted disease progression and pathogenesis following HIV-1 infection by directly targeting SOCS1. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is HIV-1 infection.