The KEGG pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway was significantly enriched in CPs, compared to UCs (hsa04622, p value = 0.0038), and LTNPs (hsa04622, p value = 0.0039), revealing excessive innate immune response (genes: AZI2, DDX58, ISG15 and IRF7) in chronic infection compared to that in nonprogression or negative infection (Table 2). Here, ISG15 is linked to infection.