Germ-line mutations in DICER1 have been described in the so-called DICER1 syndrome, a pleiotropic pediatric cancer predisposition condition causing a variety of tumor types in children and young adults, including pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB), cystic nephroma (CN), rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), multinodular goiter, ovarian Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor and other neoplastic conditions. This evidence concerns the gene DICER1 and rhabdomyosarcoma.