Data from our group and from other studies have highlighted the key role of TLR2 and TLR9 in the recognition and activation of the immune response against HSV-1 infection and have suggested synergistic action of these receptors in the establishment of an effective response, since all the WT animals survive the infection, while all the TLR2/9−/− mice die after infection [6, 8, 27, 28]. The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is infection.