At this early point in time in infection, enhanced amounts of IFNγ (248.80±34.54 pg/ml) and TNFα (3.47±1.17 pg/ml) were already present in the serum of R. typhi-infected control mice compared to non-infected animals where TNFα was not detectable at all and IFNγ was present at background levels (60.13±30.12 pg/ml). Here, TNF is linked to infection.