Our earlier report on mouse models of AMD (namely, the APOE4 and superoxide dismutase 2 knockdown models of AMD) showed that levels of autophagic markers LC3, ATG7 and ATG9 were reduced in retina of diseased mice compared to controls suggesting that autophagic efficiency may be compromised in these models of AMD [30]. This evidence concerns the gene MAP1LC3A and age-related macular degeneration.