Most of the significantly mutated genes were previously well documented either in MDS or other myeloid malignancies, although some were newly identified or re-confirmed as recurrently mutated genes in our analysis, such as ROBO1/2, IHIT3, KIF20B, PTPRD, ANKRD11 and DHX9 (Fig. 1b). Here, PTPRD is linked to myeloid neoplasm.