IFNAR1 and infection: The prevailing mouse model for evaluating ZIKV pathogenesis involves the use of type I IFN signalling deficient mice, including but not limited to IFNAR−/− mice, and infection of these mice during early pregnancy (that is, before placentation), either systemically18 or vaginally15 with diverse strains of ZIKV, results in productive systemic infection and dissemination of the virus to the fetus.