International comparisons of survival are difficult as detection of indolent cancer by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing causes lead time bias [2]; however, estimates show that around 84% of men in England and Wales survive for more than 10 years following diagnosis (age-standardised net survival) [3], whilst the relative 10 year survival rate in the United States (US), when including all stages of prostate cancer, is 98%. Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate cancer.