Patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), which is driven by fusion proteins involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA), fare substantially better than other patients with AML: in response to targeted therapy based on all-trans retinoic acid, combined with cytosine arabinoside or arsenic trioxide, they achieve CR and long-term remission rates of >90 and >80%, respectively [8, 9]. The gene discussed is RARA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.