The addition of blood TGF-β to conventional predictors such as age, sex, duration and severity of diabetes, eGFR and albumin/creatinine ratio in patients with baseline eGFR of 55 ml/min/m2 increased the AUC from 0.75 to 0.96 for predicting doubling of serum creatinine over a 5-years follow-up period in a nested case-control study from the ADVANCE clinical trial cohort [31]. The gene discussed is ALB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.